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In 1940, on the eve of war, WHOI Director Columbus O’Donnell Iselin wrote a letter to government officials, setting forth “some suggestions as to how the personnel and equipment of this laboratory can be better utilized for the national defense.” In the process, they unexpectedly made profound and fundamental discoveries about seawater properties and how sound propagates through the ocean.
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To study the seafloor, he and his colleagues had to learn how to negotiate the intervening medium. To Ewing, the ocean was annoyingly in the way-that “murky mist that keeps me from seeing the bottom,” he called it.
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They launched novel experiments using explosions to generate sound waves to probe the structure of the seafloor. “I was told that work out in the ocean could not possibly be of interest to the shareholder and could not rightfully receive one nickel of the shareholder’s money.”Įwing did get a $2,000 grant from the Geological Society of America, however, and thus funded, he and his students came to Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) to use its new deep-sea research ship, Atlantis. “This proposal received no support whatever,” Ewing later wrote. He asked them to “support a modest program of research” to see whether the seismic methods he was pioneering on land could be adapted to investigate the completely unknown geology of the seafloor. In the mid-1930s, a young physicist named Maurice Ewing sent letters to several oil companies. National Science Foundation annual report, 1952 Clearly, that which has never been known cannot be foretold, and herein lies the great promise of basic research. “Basic research, directed simply toward more complete understanding of nature and its laws, embarks upon the unknown.